T.O. LEE COLUMNS (open to public)

These columns on international trading techniques are regularly updated. Please take a second to bookmark our site!

Disclaimer:
Articles represent the opinions of the author, T.O. Lee, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the media in which the articles are published. No legal imputation should be attached to any of the articles in this home page and no legal responsibility and liability are accepted for any errors, omissions or misleading statements caused by negligence or otherwise.

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CDCS (Certified Documentary Credit Specialist) Exam Exercises

• CDCS UCP 600 Practice Exercises 32008/07/19
• CDCS UCP 600 Practice Exercises 2
• CDCS UCP 600 Practice Exercises 1

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Forthcoming Workshops  

• Tailor Made Workshops
  • T.O. International Trade Seminars Catalogue

  

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Lloyd's of London Press

• Lloyd's "Maritime Asia / Intermodal Asia" Magazine
  • Guanxi and Karaoke
  • The Trust Receipt

  

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International Chamber of Commerce, France

• Comments as a Member of UCP 500 Revision Consulting Group
  • 5 Concerns about UCP 600
  • ISBP 681 Typos?
  • A Range of Ports of Loading in CPBL
  • Further Comments to UCP Revision - June 2006 Draft
  • Comments to UCP Revision - June 2006 Draft
  • Responsibility Shifting on Negotiation of DPC
  • Comments on Transport and Insurance Articles of UCP 600
  • The Problems with the Current Definition of A Bank in UCP 600
  • A Letter on Latest Draft of the UCP 600
  • Comments to UCP Revision - Complete Draft March 2006
  • Comments to UCP Revision - Complete Draft November 2005
  • Responses to Mr. Cameron's Proposals
  • Comments on UCP Draft #1 (4 Nov 2003)
  • UCP 500 Article 23 - Comment No. 10
  • UCP 500 - Comment No. 9
  • UCP 500 Articles 13 to 49 - Comment No. 8
  • UCP 500 Articles 4 and 5 - Comment No. 6
  • UCP 500 Articles 25 & 37 - Comment No. 5
  • UCP 500 Articles 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 & 14 - Comment No. 4
  • On Board Notation Referring to A Feeder Vessel (UCP 500 Article 23 - Comment No. 3)
  • Identification of Carrier (UCP 500 Article 23 - Comment No. 2)
  • When an agent signs on behalf of the master (UCP 500 Article 23 - Comment No. 1)
  • To Expand Consulting Group Members
  • Uniformity & Consistency in UCP X00 Articles

  

• "Documentary Credits Insight" Magazine
  • Master air waybill vs. house air waybill
  • Letter to the editor (Importance of Negotiation to Middle East and Asia)
  • Comments on ICC Document 470/908
  • Problems on Percentage of Insured Amount
  • Clearing Grey Areas in Hong Kong's Banking Practice

  

• Comments to ICC
  • Comments to URDG Revision Draft 1
  • Suggestions on Incoterms 2000 Revision
  • Comments to ICC Document 470/TA.625
  • Response to the On Board Notation (OBN) Issue
  • Comments on ICC Document 470/TA.621
  • Incoterms 2000 Evaluation
  • Comments on ICC Document 470/1072 of 16 March 2006
  • Response to ICC Document 470/834
    "Original" Documents under UCP sub Article 20 (b)
    dated 15 Jan 1999
  • How To Resovle Clause 1 in Maersk BL
  • Comments on 470/967 New DOCDEX Rules
  • Further Typographic Errors Found in ISBP 645 and ISBP-Corrigenda.p65
  • Comments on ICC Document 470/TA540
  • UCP 500 Revision Thoughts
  • Comments on UCP 500 Sub Article 20(b) on Original Documents dated 18 Jan 1999
  • Documents Produced by "Aligned Export Documents System" Are Originals
  • Recommended Changes on CDCS Bible (The Complete Guide to Documentary Credits)
  • Queries on Proposed ICC Voting Procedures
  • Comments to "ICC Guide to Collection Operations for the ICC Uniform Rules for Collections (URC 522), ICC Publication No. 561"
  • Typographical Errors in ICC Publcation No. 565
  • Comments on ICC DOCDEX Rules Based on Draft of 18 March 1996.
  • Comments on ICC DOCDEX Rules Based on Draft of 1 Feb 1996.
  • Comments and Suggestions on ICC "Documentary Credits Insight" Vol 1 No. 1 As A Member of Its Editorial Board

  

• Forfaiting
  • Forfaiting v. Forfeiting

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"Documentary Credit World" Magazine

• Tribute to Bernard S. Wheble, the Father of Letter of Credit

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"LC VIEWS" e-Magazine

• Range of ports on Charter Party Bills of Lading2008/06/29
• B/L: Identification of Carrier and Date2008/06/29
• Insurance Effective Date
• Shipment in Three Equal Lots
• AWB to order / to the Issuing Bank
• UCP 600 sub-article 14(h) - How to Determine Function of a Document Precisely?
• Reimbursement Undertaking
• Master Air Waybill
• ICC's Art of Making UCP vs. International Art of Making International Rules - Expert Commentary
• Mecca of LC World: Banking Commission Meeting - The Best Learning Alternative
• UCP - Will It Ever be Perfect?
• Feedback to "Comments on March 2006 Draft of the UCP 600" - Need to Refine What They Define
• Training and Development Methodology - Trainer NOT Entertainer
• "The Starsin" Validates T. O. Lee's Forecasts
• Canada's Know-All LC Expert - World's Best One-Stop Solution
• Local LC Hero

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"L/C Update" Magazine

• How to Determine the Effective Date in an Insurance Document?

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"L/C Monitor" Magazine

• The Effective Date of a Cargo Insurance Policy
• Further Typographic Errors Found in ISBP 645 and ISBP Corrigenda
• Asian Letters of Credit
• The ICC Query System Tested
• T.O.'s Comments on "Ambiguous and Plausible Wordings in a Notice of Refusal Sent by the L/C Issuing Banks
  - UCP 500 Article 14" by Alan C.Y. Liu
• Ten Guiding Principles of the Incoterms 2000

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Trade & Forfaiting Review

• Interview on Incoterms in Banking Practice

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United Nations IMMTA Bulletin, Geneva

• Harmonisation of Electronic Maritime Transport Documents with UCP 500 (Web Page Format)
• Harmonisation of Electronic Maritime Transport Documents with UCP 500 (MS PowerPoint Slide Format)

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COMPASS magazine of Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation

• How to Avoid International Letter of Credit Frauds?

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"Hong Kong Economic Journal" Newspaper      香港信報財經新聞     "T.O.商貿談" 每週五專欄

• 其他
  • 尋求專家報告客戶須注意事項 （二千年七月二十八日 星期五）
  • 消費指數決定法律收費 （二千年七月二十一日 星期五）
  • 專業人士收費方式及計算方法 （二千年七月十四日 星期五）
  • 內地專家須經國際考核 （二千年七月七日 星期五）
  • 中國司法界面臨大突破 （二千年六月三十日 星期五）
  • 應設立各級商務法院 （二千年六月二十三日 星期五）
  • 先找專家  後找律師 （二千年四月二十八日 星期五）
  • 專家證人費用不能省卻 （二千年四月十四日 星期五）
  • 勿斤斤計較訴訟費用 （二千年四月七日 星期五）
  • 大律師按時收費的利弊 （二千年三月三十一日 星期五）
  • 訴訟慎防因小失大 （二千年三月二十四日 星期五）
  • 國內訴訟不易辦 （二千年三月三日 星期五）
  • 愛國也須分場合 （一九九九年十二月三日 星期五）
  • 國際統一專業水準 （一九九四年五月二十七日 星期五）

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Articles in Other Media

• INTERNATIONAL TRADE FINANCE - Complicated Rules, Conventions and ICC Official Opinions on International Trade Finance
• An Expert's Tips on Complex Claims Against HACTL in Hong Kong
• Comments on Some UCP 500 Articles
• Dual Purpose Bill of Lading
• The Re-Positioning of Training and Personnel Services

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Responses to Enquirers' Queries

• B/L Endorsement (Episode 2)2008/06/29
• Reimbursement v Payment
• Basic Knowledge for Importers and Exporters
• LC Views Next Step
• Whether UCP 600 should Provide Definition of B/L as Some Experts Suggest?
• Standby L/C
• Authentication for Correction
• Original Insurance Policy Blank Endorsed
• Availability of ICC Document 470/1019

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Dispute Cases Resolved

• List of Dispute Cases Resolved
  • Letter of Credit Dispute Cases (1996 - 2003)

• Our Expert Services
  • Terms of Engagement
  • Our Scope of Services
  • General Procedure for An Enquiry of Our Expert Services
  • Letter of Appointment Specimen
  • Two Categories of Enquiries from our Members

  

• Letters of Credit
  • Groundnuts v. Peanuts
  • Incomplete and Unclear Conditions in the Letter of Credit

• Trade Frauds
  • Creative Use of Letter of Credit

• Company Doctor
  • Overhauling the Procedure & Documentation in China Trade
  • Letter of Credit Consultancy Services to A Public Listed Conglomerate In Hong Kong

  

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Advertisements Published

• IIBLP Annual Survey of Letter of Credit Law and Practice

  • Version 1
    • One Stop Services on Letters of Credit

  • Version 2
    • Half Page DCW Ad Content

  • Version 3
    • Flier contents June 2003

  

• L/C Monitor

  • Version 1
    • One Stop Services on Letters of Credit

  • Version 2
    • Half Page DCW Ad Content

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Feedbacks from Clients and Subscribers

• Thanks for Your Kind Words
• Comments from an International Division Officer of a Bank
• Recommendation Letter from Manpad Exports
• Canada's Know-All LC Expert - World's Best One-Stop Solution
• Thanks for Your Support
• Comments on the Life Cycle of a Photographer - Part 1/2
• Thanks T.O. for Responding to an LC Query on Interpretation
• Comments on T.O.'s Workshops from Clients
• A Token of Appreciation & Thanks
• Great Asset of Trade Industry
• Thanks for T.O.'s Valuable Contribution for LC VIEWS
• Thanks for Details in China Trade
• Thanks for the Teacher's Response on DDP
• Thanks for the Discussions on LC Rules
• Top Five LC specialists - URGENT ATTENTION, PLEASE
• Compliment on T.O.'s Comments on Jia Hao's Opinion on Draft 3 of Articles 1-19
• Compliment on T.O.'s Comments on Jia Hao's Article

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Previous Workshops

• International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP 681 / 645)
  • Applying Updated ISBP 681 to Interpret UCP 600 New Articles
  • Understanding Functions of Documents Clearly To Determine Discrepancies Confidently and Accurately
  • How to Reduce Discrepancies by Knowing ICC ISBP 645 (LC New Interpretations) in Depth?

• UCP 600
  • Disputes and Grey Areas Amongst the UCP 600 Articles2008/06/21
  • Important Changes and Impacts of UCP 600
  • Understanding Proposed New Articles in UCP 600

• UCP 500
  • Risk Management in International Trade Finance
  • How to Detect Footprints in Fraudulent Letter of Credit Documents
  • Avoid Letter of Credit Discrepancies By Understanding UCP 500
  • Bombshell Cases in Letter of Credit Operations
    近年具爆炸性及爭議性的信用證名案分拆
  • Understanding L/C Discrepancies in Depth and Effective Means to Avoid Them?
    深入探討信用證不符點及如何避免？
  • Tricks and Traps in L/C Operations Leading to Payment Dishonour (1 day)
    慎防信用證運作上的詭計及陷阱導致拒付
  • Risk Management For Sales And Marketing Team
    營業代表及市務人員所欠缺的風險管理技巧
  • Tricks & Traps in LC Operations (2 days)
  • Advanced L/C Case Studies
  • Risk Free Procedures & Documentation in Letter of Credit and Documentary Collections for Importers and Exporters
  • Case Studies on International Trade Finance

  

• e-UCP
  • In-depth Understanding and Accurate Interpretation of eUCP Articles

• ISP98
  • Risk Management in International Trade Finance
  • International Trade Seminars on ISP98 and URR 525
  • International Standby Practices ISP98

• URC 522
  • Case Studies on International Trade Finance
  • Risk Free Procedures & Documentation in Letter of Credit and Documentary Collections for Importers and Exporters

• URR 525
  • Risk Management in International Trade Finance
  • How to Avoid Risk in Reimbursements under URR 525
  • International Trade Seminars on ISP98 and URR 525
  • Case Studies on International Trade Finance

• Incoterms 2000
  • Introduction to Incoterms 2000 Effective 1st January 2000
    今年初已生效的國際貿易術語通則第２０００號簡介
  • How to Protect your Title Rights to Goods whilst Complying with Incoterms 2000

  

• Bills of Lading
  • Understanding Functions of Documents Clearly To Determine Discrepancies Confidently and Accurately
  • Resolving Bills of Lading Problems for Maritime Carriers
  • Maritime Transport Documents - Discrepancies and Disputes (ICC Workshop)
  • What Bankers Should Know About Charter Party Bills of Lading?
  • What Bankers Should Know About Marine Bills of Lading?
    信用證之海運提單，銀行知多少？
  • What Traders Should Know About Maritime Transport Documents
  • International Trade Seminars on Bill of Lading, Multimodal Transport, Maritime Chartering, and Cargo Insurance

• Cargo Claims
  • Better Know Your Cargo Insurance Policy Before Your Claims Are Denied?
    如何避免海空貨運保險的漏洞？
  • International Trade Seminars on Bill of Lading, Multimodal Transport, Maritime Chartering, and Cargo Insurance
  • How to Protect your Title Rights to Goods whilst Complying with Incoterms 2000

• Trade Finance Risk Management
  • Risk Management in International Trade Finance
  • L/C Frauds Management Under Different Legislations
  • Risk Management on Transferable and Back-to-Back L/C
  • Trade Finance Risk Management (1.5-day)
  • Trade Finance Risk Management (3-day)

• Trade Frauds
  • How to Detect Footprints in Fraudulent Letter of Credit Documents (1.5 days)
  • Risk Management in International Trade Finance
  • How to Detect Footprints in Fraudulent L/C Documents for Bankers?
    銀行如何及早察覺信用證提示單據有詐騙跡像？
  • L/C Frauds Management Under Different Legislations
  • How to Detect Fraudulent L/C Documents for Bankers (1 day)
  • Prevention of International Trade Frauds
  • International Trade Frauds of Today

  

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Typical Examples of Current Trade Frauds

• Money Transfer

  Below is a list of links leading to various versions of scam. They all claim that due to the deceased, unclaimed lottery or the like, a substantial amount is to be deposited to a scam recipient. If (s)he were to provide requested information as stated in the scam, a cheque for a MUCH LARGER AMOUNT than the originally stated one would be delivered to him/her. He/She would be asked to reimburse the difference back to the scammer. Since the cheque from the scammer is INVALID, the scam recipient would eventually suffer the loss caused by reimbursing the difference.

  The purpose of this section is to provide examples of scam (trade frauds) for visitors of this website to prevent the traps from such scammers.

  • Due to the Deceased
    • Write Back
    • TRANSFER OF ($ 126,000,000.00 USD)
    • REQUEST FOR URGENT BUSINESS ASSISTANCE

     

  • To Achieve Specific Goals
    • Response Needed
    • Private and Urgent Business Proposal

  • To Earn Quick Income
    • Need money? Bad credit?

  • From Lottery
    • WINNING NOTIFICATION

     

• Scams

  • Bank and Credit Card
    • Confirm your credit card account
    • ATM Fraud

  • Telephone and Internet
    • FRAUD ALERT to all zzDNS users
    • Your account on eRiver
    • 809 Area Code

• Quick (but Fake) University Degree
  • U N I V E R S I T Y   D I P L O M A S No one is turned down

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Samples of Our Training Materials in "T.O. International Trade Seminars"

• Survey on Training Need Analysis
• Training Proposal
• Common Conditions Rendering a Notice of Readiness (NOR) Null and Void

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Handouts for Sales

• Order Form

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Related Links

• PowerSourcing.com - Industry's Best On-Line Sourcing Tool
• Frety.net - a web directory with homepage thumbnails
• Fraud - Canadian Fraud Law Cases
  (Fraud Prevention, Information and News about Fraud Online)
• Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)
• Canadian Council for International Business (CCIB)
• International MultiModal Transport Association (IMMTA)
• Pacific Tours and Travels (Nepal)

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"Photo Asia" Magazine Singapore "T.O. Lee Comment" Column

• Medium Format Lenses Not Necessarily Work Better in 24x36 Bodies
• Tribute To A Silent Photo Farmer
• Always Use UV Filters
• Contemporary Fine Arts Photography Vs. Salon Photography
• Food and Photography Can Mix In Lan Kwei Fong
• We All Miss You, Becky!
• My Salute to A Great Master
• The Life Cycle of A Photographer - Part I
• The Life Cycle of A Photographer - Part II

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