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Articles represent the opinions of the author, T.O. Lee, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the media in which the articles are published. No legal imputation should be attached to any of the articles in this home page and no legal responsibility and liability are accepted for any errors, omissions or misleading statements caused by negligence or otherwise.

Lloyd's of London Press

• Lloyd's "Freight Transport Buyer Asia" Magazine
  • Substantiating the Status of the Freight Forwarder

• Lloyd's "Maritime Asia / Intermodal Asia" Magazine
  • Redesigning the Bill of Lading
  • Identification of Carriers in Bill of Lading
  • What "To Order" and "Blank Endorsed" Actually Means

• "Documentary Credits Insight" Magazine
  • T.O.’s Responses to “The Unwarranted Comeback of the FIATA Bill of Lading” by Boris Kozolchyk
  • Inconsistencies Among Terms Used in ICC Rules
  • T. O. Lee's Response on "intended vessel" and "similar qualification"
    in UCP 500 Article 23

• Our Opinions in ICC DC-Pro Discussion Forum

  • UCP 500
    • Straight Bill of Lading
    • The next revision of UCP
    • Release of Discrepant Documents
    • Negotiable Insurance
    • Shipments by Instalments
    • Copy Transport Document
    • Is the freight forwarder considered the first carrier?

  • ISP 98
    • Obligations of Branch Operations

  • General Discussion
    • Clean B/L?
    • Mate's Receipt
    • Latest shipment date is earlier than issuance date of LC
    • Beneficiary's address omitting country
    • Three queries about bills of lading
    • Sales invoice vs Commercial invoice

  • ICC Opinions
    • Insurance Document

  • DC Insight
    • Contrasting UK and US views of the controversial Banco Santander case

• Comments to ICC
  • Further Comment on 470/951 rev2 ISBP
  • Comments on eUCP Draft Version 0.8
  • Comments to ICC ISP 98 Working Party on International Standby Practices ISP 98
  • Comments on ICC DOCDEX (Documentary Credit Dispute Expertise Rules) (07.05.1996)
  • Comments on Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements under Documentary Credits, ICC Publication No. 525, URR 525, Based on Draft before 4 August 1994
  • Comments on ICC Uniform Rules for Collections URC 522 Draft No. 3

• New ICC Rules
  • ICC GUIDEC Rules for Electronic Signature

• Endorsement on Drafts
• New UCP on Lost Documents - UCP Provision on Lost Documents a Welcome Solution
• Is Single-Window LC Banking Possible and Desirable?
• Toward Documents Reduction for Discrepancy Risk Reduction

• Confusions Caused by Deletion of the Freight Forwarder’s Transport Documents under UCP 500 Article 30
• Strange Customer Behaviour While Engaged in L/C Litigation
• Should a Straight Bill of Lading Work like a Sea Waybill?
• Traps of Soft Clauses in Letters of Credit

"Hong Kong Economic Journal" Newspaper      香港信報財經新聞     "T.O.商貿談" 每週五專欄

• 信用證的法律性質
  • 三十四：開證人角度看銀行與企業分別 （二零零五年七月二十九日 星期五）

• UCP 500修例
  • 四：UCP 500 的修例範圍 （二零零三年八月二十二日 星期五）

• 電子信用證
  • 十三：電子貿易的適用法律與產權 （二千年十二月一日 星期五）

• Troubles over Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading

• Right of Substitution of Invoices and Bill of Exchange
• Inspection Certificate and Bill of Lading Dates
• Understanding Proposed New Articles in UCP 600
• Queries on Drafting of UCP 600 and ICC Documents 470/###
• Immunization of LC
• Authentication and Dates
• Some Inconsistent or Unreasonable ICC Opinions

• Letters of Credit
  • 正確讓度手續，再貼現及詐騙
  • Late Presentation, Discrepancies, Authority to Negotiate a Straight DC
  • Discrepancies, Frauds, Antedated Bill of Lading under DOCDEX Resolution
  • Information from A Document Not Stipulated in the Letter of Credit

• Documentary Collections
  • A Buyer Took the Goods Without Payment in D/P Collection.
    Who Should Be Responsible?

• Difference between Through Transport B/L and
  Multimodal Transport B/L
• Correct Signatory in Bill of Lading

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